The Yegiora Files

PNG has recently sought U.S. assistance in maritime security, particularly in combating IUU fishing within its EEZ . This cooperation is facilitated through the 2023 Shiprider Agreement , under which PNG law enforcement officers can board U.S. Coast Guard vessels to enforce national laws in PNG waters . The deployment of USCGC MIDGETT in PNG’s waters underscores the importance of international partnerships in addressing PNG’s pressing maritime security concerns. However, while such collaborations are valuable, they highlight a critical gap in PNG’s security architecture—the absence of a National Maritime Security Strategy (NMSS). A NMSS is vital for a country like PNG, whose maritime domain is significantly larger than its landmass . Without a clear strategic framework, PNG risks a reactive approach to maritime security , relying heavily on ad hoc partnerships rather than a well-coordinated national effort. The NMSS should provide a roadmap for addressing key threats such as IUU ...

PNG’s maritime domain is a critical component of its national security, yet persistent illegal, unreported, and unregulated (IUU) fishing threatens both economic sovereignty and environmental sustainability. In my recent chapter on Blue Security in the Indo-Pacific , I outlined how PNG’s maritime security challenges are intrinsically linked to broader regional stability, requiring cooperation with both Pacific partners and external stakeholders. Prime Minister James Marape’s recent warning against illegal fishing and the U.S. Coast Guard’s reaffirmation of operational independence highlight the complexities of balancing national sovereignty with regional maritime governance. Marape’s firm stance against illegal fishing is a necessary step in asserting PNG’s control over its vast Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ), which spans over 2.4 million square kilometers. Foreign fishing vessels, particularly those operating without proper licenses, contribute to the depletion of fish stocks, underm...

The rise of China is one of the most significant geopolitical shifts of the 21st century. As the world's second-largest economy and an increasingly assertive global power, China's expanding influence is reshaping international and regional security landscapes. Understanding the factors that drive China's growth and distinguishing between its global and regional ambitions are crucial in assessing the broader implications of its rise. By addressing key seminar questions, students in PG420 International and Regional Security can critically analyze China’s role in economic, political, and security affairs, particularly in the Pacific region. Screenshot of the Week 5 page on Moodle. To guide this analysis, the following key seminar questions will be explored: Economic Influence and Sovereignty According to Matbob, economic activities involving Chinese traders have both benefits and risks for local communities. How might reliance on Chinese businesses influence PNG's sovereig...

The recent swearing-in of two Australian police officers, Chief Superintendent Rodney Swain and Chief Superintendent Glyn Lewis, into the Royal Papua New Guinea Constabulary (RPNGC) has sparked debate among citizens. While the government and police leadership emphasize the benefits of their expertise, some citizens view this move with skepticism and concern. The appointment of expatriate officers to key leadership positions raises questions about sovereignty, local capacity-building, and the long-term effectiveness of foreign involvement in PNG’s policing sector. Screenshot of the news article by Jonah Tupus about the appointments on The National website. One of the major concerns expressed by critics is the issue of national sovereignty. The presence of expatriate police officers in strategic leadership positions within the RPNGC is seen by some as a challenge to PNG’s autonomy in law enforcement. The notion that foreign officers are required to address internal security matters has f...

The ongoing negotiations between PNG and Australia for a new defence treaty have sparked significant debate, particularly among national security experts and former military officials. Retired Major General Jerry Singirok has been vocal about his concerns, questioning the transparency of the process and the implications for PNG’s sovereignty. His criticisms highlight the broader issue of foreign influence in PNG’s defence policies and the need for inclusive decision-making that prioritizes national interests. Screenshot of the article on the EMTV website. At the heart of Singirok’s argument is the lack of stakeholder consultation in the treaty discussions. He asserts that the PNG Defence Force and the wider public have been sidelined, raising doubts about whether the agreement genuinely serves PNG’s long-term security objectives. Given the historical impact of external defence partnerships, ensuring local ownership and understanding of the treaty is crucial to maintaining national int...

The third seminar of PG420 International and Regional Security critically examined China's growing influence in PNG and the broader Pacific region. The discussions were structured around key themes, including economic dependency, strategic sovereignty, cultural tensions, and the role of civil society in shaping national policies on Chinese engagement. The seminar provided an insightful debate on whether China represents a developmental opportunity or a security challenge for PNG. 📺 Watch the full seminar here: https://youtu.be/jU0xLql1zGM?si=edj824_2EFKZvhrh Understanding the Belt and Road Initiative and PNG’s Infrastructure Audrey Jakam explored both the benefits and challenges of BRI investments in PNG. She highlighted the transformative potential of Chinese-funded infrastructure but also raised concerns about debt sustainability and strategic dependency . While China’s investments address PNG’s infrastructure deficits, the long-term economic implications remain a subject of ...

In the academic disciplines of PNG and International Studies, as well as Communication Arts (Journalism), critical engagement with pressing geopolitical and security issues is essential. PG420 International and Regional Security is designed exclusively for fourth-year students from the Department of PNG and International Studies and the Department of Communication Arts. These students must develop their analytical skills to understand and articulate the complexities of PNG’s relationship with China. For Week 4 and Week 5, PG420 focuses on the theme "China as a security threat and PNG’s perspective," with seven key questions derived from two key readings: Denghua Zhang’s article in The Australian Journal of International Affairs and Graeme Smith & Terence Wesley-Smith’s edited volume China in the Pacific: The China Alternative . These texts provide the foundation for examining China’s role in the region, offering both critical and supportive perspectives. Developing an i...

The discussion around PNG's role in Pacific diplomacy continues to generate insightful perspectives, and I appreciate the thought-provoking comments on my recent article. The complexity of superpower rivalry, foreign interference, and economic competition in the Pacific requires a measured, strategic approach. The contributions from Kamagl Yagl Ingu and The Pacific Insider highlight key concerns and opportunities, reinforcing the importance of PNG’s leadership in advocating for balanced diplomacy . One key point raised is PNG’s unique position as a regional influencer . Kamagl Yagl Ingu rightly emphasized that PNG must advocate for a balanced and inclusive diplomatic approach to prevent the Pacific from becoming a battleground for great power competition. I completely agree— PNG’s ability to act as a neutral broker is both a challenge and an opportunity. While traditional allies like Australia and New Zealand continue to assert their influence, China’s growing economic presence...

As tensions rise in the Pacific, PNG finds itself in a position of influence, one that Prime Minister James Marape must embrace. Recent developments, including China’s expanding engagements in the region, have been met with countermeasures from Australia and New Zealand, reinforcing an adversarial approach rather than one of cooperation. It is time for PNG to step forward and call for a balanced strategy—one that fosters dialogue, not division. If I were the Prime Minister’s foreign policy advisor, I would strongly recommend issuing a statement that reaffirms PNG’s commitment to regional peace and cooperation. This statement should explicitly support the Cook Islands’ decision to engage with multiple partners, including China, while maintaining strong relations with traditional allies. Such a stance would position PNG as a regional leader advocating for an inclusive approach to international engagement. A recent analysis by RNZ suggests that the Cook Islands' decision to strengthe...

The recent live-fire drills conducted by the Chinese People’s Liberation Army Navy (PLAN) in the Tasman Sea have raised significant geopolitical concerns in the Pacific. Many in the West view these exercises as an aggressive show of force, signaling China’s expanding military reach. However, as a Papua New Guinean, I see this as part of a larger power struggle, one that places PNG in an increasingly difficult position. The world is changing rapidly, and the rate at which China is growing will inevitably make Western powers feel threatened. One miscalculation or misjudgment could spark a serious military confrontation with devastating consequences. Screenshot of Shen Shiwei's tweet on X. China’s military activities in the Pacific are, at least in part, a response to recent Western actions. Notably, Australia’s reconnaissance aircraft flew close to Chinese military installations, an act that Beijing perceives as provocation. From China’s perspective, these drills are not just about ...

The Department of PNG and International Studies at Divine Word University (DWU) is taking a crucial step toward strengthening PNG’s foreign policy expertise by developing a Postgraduate Program in Foreign Policy Analysis . This initiative aims to equip professionals with the necessary skills and knowledge to navigate the complexities of foreign policy review, formulation, and implementation in PNG’s evolving geopolitical landscape.   Why This Program Matters Foreign policy plays a pivotal role in shaping PNG’s international relations, economic partnerships, and security strategies. However, there is a growing need for specialized education and training to prepare the next generation of policymakers, diplomats, and international affairs experts. By developing this postgraduate program, DWU seeks to: Bridge the gap between theory and practice in PNG’s foreign policy landscape. Provide students and professionals with analytical tools to assess international relations. Strengthen...

PNG is making significant strides in strengthening its trade partnerships, particularly with China. The government has been proactive in pursuing a Free Trade Agreement (FTA) with China, recognizing the immense economic benefits such an agreement could bring. International Trade and Investment Minister Richard Maru has been at the forefront of these negotiations, ensuring that the feasibility study for the PNG-China FTA is completed and ready for submission to the Cabinet, as detailed in Post Courier . The study, jointly funded by both governments, lays the foundation for formal negotiations to commence soon. Prime Minister James Marape’s statement, as highlighted in TVWAN , that "Australia remains PNG’s largest trading partner, and our people-to-people ties continue to grow." While this assertion reaffirms the historical depth of PNG-Australia relations, it also raises a crucial question: if Australia is truly PNG’s largest trading partner, why has there been no concrete mov...

The passing of Grand Chief Sir Michael Somare marked the end of an era for PNG. As the founding father of the nation, his leadership was instrumental in shaping the country's identity and governance. Among his many contributions, one of the most profound was his role in influencing PNG’s first foreign policy. Reflecting on an earlier article published in 2019, PNG’s First Foreign Policy and Somare’s Influence , it is important to revisit and commemorate his legacy in this domain. The article explored the origins of PNG’s policy of universalism— ‘Friends to all, enemies to none’ —and examined whether Somare played a significant role in its formulation. While historical records often highlight the contributions of other key figures, such as Albert Maori Kiki, Sir Michael’s involvement remains an essential aspect that deserves recognition. Somare’s Vision for an Independent PNG Sir Michael Somare was an outspoken advocate for independence, leading PNG through its formative years. His ...

Security remains a pressing issue for PNG, particularly in the maritime domain. As part of the assessment task for the unit PG420 International and Regional Security, final-year students from the PNG and International Studies program and the Communication Arts (Journalism) program explored the concept of security, emphasizing blue security and its role in addressing maritime challenges such as illegal fishing, drug smuggling, and transnational crime. The discussions underscored the significance of regional partnerships, legal frameworks, and adaptive strategies to strengthen PNG's national security. Screenshot of the meeting transcript and video recording. I introduced the seminar, providing an overview of the session and its objectives. As the facilitator, I emphasized the importance of technical proficiency and time management in the presentations. I encouraged participants to engage in meaningful discussions, highlighting the value of interactive dialogue in understanding the co...