The Yegiora Files

The Biketawa Declaration, signed by member states of the Pacific Islands Forum (PIF) in 2000, was a regional security agreement aimed at addressing security issues collectively in the Pacific region. Its predecessor, the Boe Declaration, was signed in 2018 and similarly emphasized the importance of regional security. Both agreements marked a shift in thinking about security. In this review, we will compare the Biketawa Declaration and the Boe Declaration, examining elements of continuity and change. We will discuss the use of the principle of non-intervention, the protection of human rights, and regional cooperation as key elements of continuity. Both agreements stress the respect for the principle of non-interference in the domestic affairs of member states. However, there have been instances, such as the regional assistance mission to the Solomon Islands, where member states intervened in the domestic affairs of another member state, raising questions about the practical application

Foreign policy analysis encompasses various hallmarks, as discussed by Hudson. One crucial hallmark, relevant to our current topic, is the multilevel approach. Hudson explains that decision-making factors in foreign policy are clustered into three levels: individual, state, and system analysis. At the individual level, Goldstein emphasizes the impact of influential leaders and individuals on shaping historical events and foreign policy outcomes. He argues that every international event is a result of decisions made by individuals, making the individual level of analysis agent-oriented and actor-specific. Breuning builds upon this concept, focusing on leaders and decision-makers in foreign policy analysis. She highlights the significance of studying their personalities, beliefs, and values as factors influencing foreign policy decisions. Understanding these enduring qualities enhances our comprehension of what motivates decision-makers. Minister Pato's statement in the National Refu

State Level of Analysis: At the state level of analysis, the focus is on internal factors that drive states to adopt specific foreign policy behaviors. This perspective considers various elements within the state that shape its foreign policy decisions. Factors examined include the institutional framework of the state, such as the dynamics between the executive and legislative branches, the organization of the government bureaucracy, and whether the state operates as a democracy. Domestic constituencies, such as interest groups, ethnic groups, and public opinion, are also taken into account. Additionally, economic conditions and the state's national history and culture are considered in shaping foreign policy. According to Pevehouse and Goldstein, the state level of analysis involves studying the combinations of individuals within states that influence state actions on the international stage. This includes examining the role of interest groups, political organizations, and governm

Within the framework of Papua New Guinea's Vision 2050, Pillar 4 puts forth two crucial statements regarding international relations that carry immense importance. These statements serve as a compelling argument for the necessity of acquiring knowledge about various international relations theories. Firstly, it underscores the need for Papua New Guinea's foreign policy to align with its national interest. This implies that the decisions and strategies adopted in the international arena should reflect the goals and aspirations of the nation as a whole. It is essential to ensure that the actions taken on the global stage are in line with the long-term interests of the country and its citizens. Secondly, the pillar emphasizes the importance of fostering bilateral relations with other countries and relevant international organizations. This entails actively engaging and collaborating with foreign entities to establish mutually beneficial partnerships. By strengthening ties

  Foreign policy analysis is the study of how decisions are made in the realm of foreign policy. It involves examining the process by which a state formulates its foreign policy and the factors that influence decision-making. At the core of foreign policy analysis are human beings, who play a crucial role in shaping and implementing foreign policy. Throughout history, individuals have demonstrated their capacity to influence the trajectory of societies. Heroes and heroines, all of whom were human, have been instrumental in altering the course of civilizations. Human beings can be likened to the fuel that propels a car or the flour that provides structure to a cake. In the context of foreign policy analysis, human decision-makers are the driving force behind policy choices. Foreign policy analysis explores decision-making at both the individual and collective levels. When individuals hold positions of authority and power, such as the President of the United States, their decisions c

The individual level of analysis in foreign policy analysis (FPA) plays a crucial role in understanding decision-making processes and policy outcomes. Hudson outlines six hallmarks of FPA, one of which is the multilevel nature of factors that influence decision-making, categorized into individual, state, and system levels. At the individual level, Goldstein emphasizes the significance of individual human beings as the true actors in international relations. Great leaders, citizens, soldiers, and thinkers shape the course of history through their perceptions, choices, and actions. Understanding the personalities, beliefs, and values of decision-makers provides insights into their motivations and decision-making processes. Personality traits, political inclinations, and values can influence foreign policy decisions, and knowledge of these factors enhances our understanding of decision-makers' motivations. Perceptions also play a significant role in the individual level of analysi