Blue Security and National Security in PNG: A Seminar Discussion

Security remains a pressing issue for PNG, particularly in the maritime domain. As part of the assessment task for the unit PG420 International and Regional Security, final-year students from the PNG and International Studies program and the Communication Arts (Journalism) program explored the concept of security, emphasizing blue security and its role in addressing maritime challenges such as illegal fishing, drug smuggling, and transnational crime. The discussions underscored the significance of regional partnerships, legal frameworks, and adaptive strategies to strengthen PNG's national security.

Screenshot of the meeting transcript and video recording.

I introduced the seminar, providing an overview of the session and its objectives. As the facilitator, I emphasized the importance of technical proficiency and time management in the presentations. I encouraged participants to engage in meaningful discussions, highlighting the value of interactive dialogue in understanding the complexities of security in PNG. I also addressed the challenges posed by the online platform, emphasizing the need for structured participation to minimize disruptions. The students answered 7 questions related to readings by Yegiora and Hualupmomi, demonstrating their understanding of key security concepts and their application to PNG’s maritime domain.

One of the key themes of the seminar was the role of regional partnerships in maritime security. Maudie Galele explored the collaborations between PNG, Australia, and the United States, pointing out how these partnerships enhance maritime domain awareness and enforcement. However, she also highlighted the challenges in fostering cooperation, particularly regarding differences in security priorities and financial constraints. Effective regional engagement requires balancing national interests while leveraging external support for capacity building.

Norbertina Vogau provided further insights into PNG’s fragmented national security framework. She advocated for a cohesive approach that integrates complexity science into maritime security strategies. By utilizing an adaptive management approach, PNG can enhance its ability to respond to emerging threats such as illegal fishing and environmental degradation. She also stressed the importance of investing in technology and strengthening maritime laws to create a more robust security infrastructure.

Jeffery Wenny presented the significance of blue security, highlighting its focus on non-traditional maritime issues rather than solely military concerns. He emphasized that this approach is crucial for addressing emerging challenges like drug smuggling and illegal fishing, which require collaborative efforts among countries. The integration of legislation and international cooperation is essential for effective management of maritime domains.

Legislative frameworks and policy implementation were another focus of the seminar. Grace Kauli examined the effectiveness of PNG's Maritime Zones Act and National Security Policy, comparing them to international standards such as the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea. While these frameworks provide a strong foundation, Kauli noted that limited resources and technological shortcomings hinder effective enforcement. She recommended collaboration with academic institutions to advance research and policy development in maritime security.

The role of feedback mechanisms in shaping security policies was also a topic of discussion. Solange Ovia emphasized that both positive and negative feedback loops influence national security decision-making. Referencing Dr. Francis Hualupmomi’s theory, she demonstrated how national security operates as a complex system influenced by interconnected domestic and external factors. According to Hualupmomi, security challenges in PNG require a systems-thinking approach that integrates policy coherence, stakeholder engagement, and adaptive governance. The COVID-19 pandemic and regional security declarations by the Pacific Islands Forum were cited as examples of how feedback mechanisms impact policy adaptation and resilience.

A broader perspective on national security was provided by Jerome Negints, who explored the complex nature of PNG’s security system. He highlighted the challenges posed by reactive rather than proactive security strategies, particularly in responding to climate change and transnational crime. The lack of coordination among various stakeholders exacerbates these challenges, making it difficult to implement cohesive security measures. Jonathan Siba proposed a complex adaptive systems approach to improve PNG’s national security response, advocating for better coordination among security agencies.

Overall, the seminar provided valuable insights into PNG’s maritime security challenges and potential solutions. Strengthening regional partnerships, improving legislative enforcement, and adopting adaptive security strategies were identified as key measures for enhancing PNG’s blue security framework. Moving forward, policymakers must address gaps in implementation, ensure effective coordination among agencies, and leverage external partnerships to build a more resilient and secure maritime domain. With proactive strategies and collaborative efforts, PNG can strengthen its national security framework and safeguard its maritime interests against emerging threats.