Papua New Guinea’s Maritime Security and China’s Role

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Papua New Guinea (PNG), an island nation with an extensive coastline and vast maritime resources, faces significant maritime security challenges. These challenges include illegal, unreported, and unregulated fishing, transnational crime, and the need for effective surveillance of its expansive Exclusive Economic Zone. Addressing these issues is crucial for PNG’s economic stability and sovereignty.

In recent years, PNG has sought international partnerships to bolster its maritime security capabilities. Traditionally, countries like Australia and the United States have been primary partners in this domain. For instance, the U.S. Coast Guard has collaborated with PNG in joint maritime operations to combat illegal fishing and safeguard marine resources. These efforts aim to enhance regional security and ensure sustainable resource management.

China has emerged as a significant player in PNG’s maritime security landscape. In 2018, PNG launched joint maritime training programs with China’s Zhejiang International Maritime College. This collaboration aims to elevate the competence of PNG’s seafarers to international standards, enhancing their prospects in the global maritime industry.

Screenshot from the Post Courier: PNG naval officers participate in joint maritime training with their Chinese counterparts, strengthening cooperation and enhancing regional security capabilities.

 However, China’s involvement in PNG’s defense sector has elicited mixed reactions. In 2008, concerns were raised when PNG military officers began undertaking extended military studies in China. Critics questioned the compatibility of training received in a country with a different governmental system and the potential implications for PNG’s defense force dynamics, as highlighted in a report by RNZ Pacific.

Despite these concerns, China has continued to strengthen its defense ties with PNG. A notable example is the training of PNG Defense Force naval officers aboard China’s naval training vessel, Qi Jiguang, as covered by Inside PNG. This initiative reflects China’s commitment to deepening military cooperation and enhancing PNG’s naval capabilities.

China’s role in PNG’s maritime security is multifaceted. Beyond training and capacity building, China has shown interest in broader security cooperation. In 2023, discussions emerged about a potential security deal between PNG and China, focusing on internal policing and security assistance. Such developments indicate China’s strategic interest in establishing a security foothold in the Pacific region, according to an analysis by Pacific Forum.

While China’s involvement offers opportunities for capacity enhancement, it also presents challenges. PNG must navigate its partnerships carefully to ensure that external assistance aligns with its national interests and does not compromise its sovereignty. Balancing relationships with traditional allies and new partners like China requires an astute diplomatic strategy.

In conclusion, China’s engagement in PNG’s maritime security sector has the potential to significantly enhance the nation’s capabilities through training, resource provision, and strategic support. However, PNG must remain vigilant to ensure that such collaborations are mutually beneficial and uphold its sovereignty. A balanced approach, leveraging the strengths of various international partnerships, will be essential for PNG to effectively address its maritime security challenges.

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