Bridging the Gap: Rethinking Academic, Private Sector, and Practitioner Roles in PNG’s Foreign Policy

Our recent online discussions on the influence of various stakeholders in shaping PNG’s foreign policy sparked a lively and thought-provoking exchange. The discussion began with the pressing need for greater transparency in foreign policy-making, especially ensuring that stakeholders know which organizations and actors are involved in shaping decisions. A key point raised was the limited role that PNG academics have historically played in influencing foreign policy compared to their counterparts in Australia. This was linked to a lack of regular information sharing from practitioners, which has widened the disconnect between research-based insights and real-world policy-making.

Screenshot of the online discussion on private sector in foreign policy making and implementation.

The conversation then moved to the private sector’s influence on foreign policy. Participants reflected on how companies in sectors such as mining, agriculture, telecommunications, and defence can shape national priorities through their investments, lobbying, and partnerships. Examples included resource companies negotiating favourable infrastructure arrangements and technology firms playing a role in national connectivity projects. The consensus was that while the private sector can advance national interests, it can also risk overstepping unless there is a clear regulatory framework to safeguard the public good.

Attention then turned to the country’s early foreign policy development. The discussion revisited the transition from Australian colonial rule to independence and the urgent task of building a capable diplomatic service. Historical leaders were credited with steering PNG toward regional integration, but it was noted that structural weaknesses in capacity-building remain. Suggestions such as establishing an online archive of PNG’s foreign relations gained strong support as a way to boost public awareness and make foreign policy more accessible to ordinary citizens.

Economic diplomacy was another strong theme. The group reflected on how personal leadership styles, religious beliefs, and individual relationships have shaped PNG’s diplomatic engagements, citing past examples of international partnerships driven by personal rapport. The private sector again featured prominently, with resource companies highlighted for their role in influencing foreign policy priorities through major investments. There was agreement that PNG’s economic diplomacy should be guided by a more strategic, long-term plan that integrates business engagement with clear national development goals.

Historical influences were also examined in detail, particularly the role of Australian advisors before independence. While the “friends to all, enemies to none” doctrine continues to define PNG’s foreign policy stance, the discussion noted that policy review mechanisms were not consistently maintained after independence. Past diplomatic wins—such as securing major international investments—were acknowledged, but the group also reflected on whether a longer transition period under Australian administration could have provided stronger institutional and infrastructural foundations.

The Public-Private Partnership framework was discussed as a key tool for driving infrastructure development under strategies like PNG Connect. Participants explored how collaboration between government, local businesses, and international investors could be strengthened. The inclusion of external stakeholders such as the EU and UN in institutional mapping exercises was suggested as a way to broaden PNG’s diplomatic network and increase development options. This also tied into broader concerns about brain drain, cultural identity, and the economic challenges that threaten national unity.

Government coordination challenges were another recurring issue. The group discussed how misaligned bureaucratic processes—such as those between education-related ministries in managing scholarship programs—can slow progress and reduce policy effectiveness. Better inter-departmental communication and a unified approach to policy implementation were identified as priorities for improving both domestic governance and international engagement.

The session closed with a look at the concept of “smart configuration” in foreign policy—an approach that calls for targeted research, clear identification of national interests, and strategic engagement with both traditional allies and emerging powers. Cultural diplomacy, sports diplomacy, and economic ambassadorship were all seen as valuable tools for building PNG’s soft power. The enduring relevance of the universalism doctrine was reaffirmed, but with a caution: to succeed in a multipolar world, PNG must strike a careful balance between attracting foreign investment and safeguarding its sovereignty. 

For those who missed the session, the full discussions are available here: @MangiHB